This first experiment became the principle of the double reed since the straw naturally produces two flattened surfaces or "blades" (fig. Someone discovered that it was possible to produce a musical sound by pinching the flat end of a straw or plant-stalk and blowing into it with compressed lips. It is likely that the basic means of producing the sound in the pipes and reed is a discovery belonging to prehistory. Illustration to Cantiga 260 from the Cantigas de Santa Maria by Alfonso X"El Sabio" (1221–1284). Two bagpipe players from the early Middle Ages.
The "chanter" is a cylindrical or conical bored pipe with a single or double reed and finger holes for playing the melody while a drone is a cylindrical tube with a single reed producing a constant bourdon tone. It may also be blown by mouth through a blowpipe, intended for outdoor use as the sound is louder, well-known from the famous Scottish Great Highland bagpipe.
Its commonest form consists of a "chanter," one or more drones all supplied with air from the bag, either by means of a bellow compressed under the player's arm to provide a constant pressure as it is practiced with the musette de cour, or the Irish Uilleann pipe, producing a more delicate sound). As a wind instrument, the bagpipe belongs to the class of aerophones (whose sound is produced primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes), where it is specified as a composite reed pipe.
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